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Stationary waves
Explore stationary waves within waves. A wave transfers energy through oscillations. Relate frequency, wavelength and speed, then use phase and superposition to explain interference and stationary waves.
Specification outcomes (8)
- 4.4.4(a) Describe stationary (standing) waves using microwaves, stretched strings and air columns.
- 4.4.4(b) Interpret graphical representations of stationary waves.
- 4.4.4(c) Compare stationary and progressive waves.
- 4.4.4(d) Define nodes and antinodes.
- 4.4.4(e)(i) Describe stationary wave patterns for stretched strings and air columns in closed and open tubes.
- 4.4.4(e)(ii) Determine speed of sound in air by forming stationary waves in a resonance tube.
- 4.4.4(f) Understand that the separation between adjacent nodes or antinodes is equal to λ / 2.
- 4.4.4(g) Define the fundamental mode (first harmonic) and describe higher harmonics.
H156 v2.0 · May 2026
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