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Measurements and data
Every measurement has uncertainty. Repeated readings, sensible instruments and clear graphs help you distinguish a physical pattern from experimental scatter.
Specification outcomes (4)
- 2.2.1(a) Understand systematic errors (including zero errors) and random errors in measurements.
- 2.2.1(b) Understand precision and accuracy in the context of measurement.
- 2.2.1(c) Calculate absolute and percentage uncertainties when data are combined by addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or raising to powers.
- 2.2.1(d) Use graphical treatment of errors and uncertainties, including line of best fit, worst line, absolute and percentage uncertainties, and percentage difference.
H156 v2.0 · May 2026
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