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Charge flow and electrical power Charge and current4.1 Energy, power and resistance4.2 E.m.f. and potential difference4.2.2
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Course idea

E.m.f. and potential difference

OCR A AS Physics · 4.2.2

Explore e.m.f. and potential difference within energy, power and resistance. Potential difference measures energy transferred per unit charge. Combine it with current to calculate power, and investigate how components respond to changing voltage.

Specification outcomes (5)
  • 4.2.2(a) Define potential difference (p.d.) and state the unit volt.
  • 4.2.2(b) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a source such as a cell or power supply.
  • 4.2.2(c) Distinguish between e.m.f. and p.d. in terms of energy transfer.
  • 4.2.2(d) Use energy transfer equations W = VQ and W = EQ.
  • 4.2.2(e) Use energy transfer for charged particles: eV = ½mv² for electrons and other charged particles.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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