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Newton’s laws and momentum3.5 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Collisions3.5.2
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Course idea

Newton’s laws and momentum

OCR A AS Physics · 3.5

Forces describe interactions. Momentum helps analyse their effects over time and the changes during collisions, provided you define the system and external forces.

Specification outcomes (8)
  • 3.5.1(a) State Newton’s three laws of motion.
  • 3.5.1(b) Define linear momentum, p = mv, and understand its vector nature.
  • 3.5.1(c) Relate net force to rate of change of momentum, F = Δp / Δt, and recognise F = ma as a special case.
  • 3.5.1(d) Define impulse of a force; impulse = FΔt.
  • 3.5.1(e) Recognise impulse as the area under a force–time graph and estimate for non-linear graphs.
  • 3.5.2(a) State and apply the principle of conservation of momentum.
  • 3.5.2(b) Analyse collisions and interactions in one dimension. Two-dimensional collisions belong to A level.
  • 3.5.2(c) Distinguish between perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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