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Charge flow and electrical power Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Free fall through motion and energy Resultant work changes kinetic energy Momentum is conserved in more collisions than kinetic energy Kirchhoff’s second law tracks energy per charge Internal resistance separates e.m.f. from terminal voltage One photon supplies one electron’s energy Photoelectron energy determines its maximum speed Accelerating voltage becomes electron kinetic energy LED voltage links electrical and photon energy Charge and current4.1 Energy, power and resistance4.2 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Work and conservation of energy3.3.1 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Collisions3.5.2 E.m.f. and potential difference4.2.2 Series and parallel circuits4.3.1 Internal resistance4.3.2 Photons4.5.1 The photoelectric effect4.5.2
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Physics connection

Accelerating voltage becomes electron kinetic energy

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

An electric potential difference transfers energy to a charged particle. If other energy transfers are negligible, the work changes its kinetic energy.

ΔEk = qV From rest: ½mv² = |qV|

Follow the reasoning

  1. Identify the particle’s charge and the accelerating potential difference.
  2. Calculate the transferred energy in joules.
  3. Add any initial kinetic energy before finding the final speed.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 4.2.2(d) Use energy transfer equations W = VQ and W = EQ.
  • 4.2.2(e) Use energy transfer for charged particles: eV = ½mv² for electrons and other charged particles.
  • 3.3.2(a) Define and calculate kinetic energy, Ek = ½mv², and derive it from first principles.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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