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Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse A physical quantity needs both a number and a unit Quantities and units2.1 Analysing1.1.3 Physical quantities2.1.1 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Wave motion4.4.1
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Units keep motion calculations consistent

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

Converting distances and times before calculating prevents errors in speeds, accelerations and graph areas. Units also reveal whether an equation could be valid.

[v] = m s⁻¹ [a] = m s⁻²

Follow the reasoning

  1. Convert all distances and times to one consistent unit system.
  2. Use axis multipliers when reading a graph.
  3. Check that every term added in an equation has the same units.
Specification outcomes (5)
  • 2.1.2(b) Derived units of S.I. base units, such as momentum (kg m s⁻¹) and density (kg m⁻³).
  • 2.1.2(d) Check the homogeneity of physical equations using S.I. base units.
  • 2.1.2(e) Use prefixes and their symbols to indicate decimal submultiples or multiples of units (pico, nano, micro, milli, centi, deci, kilo, mega, giga, tera).
  • 3.1.1(a) Define and use displacement, instantaneous speed, average speed, velocity and acceleration.
  • 3.1.1(d) Use velocity–time graphs to determine acceleration as the gradient and displacement as the area under the graph, including estimation for non-linear graphs.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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