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Forces explain changes in motion Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Terminal motion still transfers energy Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse Mechanical and electrical power measure the same rate Motion3.1 Forces in action3.2 Analysing1.1.3 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Motion with non-uniform acceleration3.2.2 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Power in circuits4.2.5 Wave motion4.4.1
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Physics connection

Maintaining speed requires power

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

Power measures how quickly a force transfers energy. A vehicle moving at constant speed can still require substantial power to overcome resistance.

P = Fv

Follow the reasoning

  1. Find the relevant force component along the motion.
  2. Use the speed at the same instant.
  3. Multiply them and interpret the result as an energy-transfer rate.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 3.1.1(a) Define and use displacement, instantaneous speed, average speed, velocity and acceleration.
  • 3.3.3(a) Define power, the unit watt, and use P = W / t.
  • 3.3.3(b) Use and derive P = Fv from first principles.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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