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Forces explain changes in motion Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse Motion3.1 Forces in action3.2 Analysing1.1.3 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Wave motion4.4.1
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Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

The equations of motion describe the same changes shown by the gradient and area of a velocity–time graph. A straight sloping line represents constant acceleration.

a = Δv/Δt s = ½(u + v)t

Follow the reasoning

  1. Find initial and final velocity on the graph.
  2. Use its gradient for acceleration and its signed area for displacement.
  3. Compare the result with a constant-acceleration equation.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 3.1.1(c) Use displacement–time graphs to determine velocity as the gradient.
  • 3.1.1(d) Use velocity–time graphs to determine acceleration as the gradient and displacement as the area under the graph, including estimation for non-linear graphs.
  • 3.1.2(a)(i) Apply equations of motion for constant acceleration in a straight line, including motion in a uniform gravitational field without air resistance.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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