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Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Velocity changes connect to momentum conservation A force–time graph measures impulse Momentum determines a particle’s wavelength Diffraction connects electrons with other waves Newton’s laws and momentum3.5 Analysing1.1.3 Kinematics3.1.1 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Collisions3.5.2 Superposition4.4.3 Wave–particle duality4.5.3
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Momentum determines a particle’s wavelength

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

A particle’s de Broglie wavelength decreases as its momentum increases. The same momentum quantity used in mechanics appears in wave–particle duality.

λ = h/p For non-relativistic particles: p = mv

Follow the reasoning

  1. Calculate momentum from the particle’s mass and speed.
  2. Divide Planck’s constant by the momentum.
  3. Compare the wavelength with the relevant experimental scale.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 3.5.1(b) Define linear momentum, p = mv, and understand its vector nature.
  • 4.5.3(a) Describe and explain electron diffraction as evidence of wave-like behaviour of particles.
  • 4.5.3(c) Use the de Broglie equation λ = h / p to relate momentum and wavelength.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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