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Forces explain changes in motion Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse Refraction changes speed and wavelength together Path difference becomes phase difference Stationary waves are a superposition pattern Use a stationary pattern to measure wave speed Motion3.1 Forces in action3.2 Analysing1.1.3 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Wave motion4.4.1 Electromagnetic waves4.4.2 Superposition4.4.3 Stationary waves4.4.4
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Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

Both kinds of graph may show displacement, but the horizontal axis changes what you can infer. A time trace follows one point; a wave snapshot shows many points at one instant.

Time trace → period Spatial snapshot → wavelength

Follow the reasoning

  1. Decide whether the horizontal axis is time or position.
  2. Read a full cycle as a period or a wavelength accordingly.
  3. Use wave speed = frequency × wavelength only with the appropriate quantities.
Specification outcomes (4)
  • 3.1.1(b) Interpret graphical representations of displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration.
  • 3.1.1(c) Use displacement–time graphs to determine velocity as the gradient.
  • 4.4.1(b)(i) Define displacement, amplitude, wavelength, period, phase difference, frequency and speed of a wave.
  • 4.4.1(e) Interpret graphs of transverse and longitudinal waves.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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