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Forces explain changes in motion Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Only the force component along the motion does work Resultant work changes kinetic energy Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse Motion3.1 Forces in action3.2 Analysing1.1.3 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Work and conservation of energy3.3.1 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Wave motion4.4.1
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PHYSICSUK CONNECTIONS
Physics connection

Displacement and velocity are vectors

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

Direction makes the difference between distance and displacement, and between speed and velocity. A return journey can cover a large distance while producing zero displacement.

Average velocity = displacement / time

Follow the reasoning

  1. Choose a positive direction or perpendicular axes.
  2. Add displacements with their directions.
  3. Divide net displacement by elapsed time; use total distance for average speed.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 3.1.1(a) Define and use displacement, instantaneous speed, average speed, velocity and acceleration.
  • 2.3.1(a) Define scalar and vector quantities and give examples of each.
  • 2.3.1(b) Perform vector addition and subtraction.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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