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Forces explain changes in motion Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse Motion3.1 Forces in action3.2 Analysing1.1.3 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Wave motion4.4.1
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One projectile, two motion graphs

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

A projectile has horizontal and vertical motion at the same time. Separate graphs make the constant horizontal velocity and changing vertical velocity visible.

vx = constant vy = uy − gt

Follow the reasoning

  1. Resolve the launch velocity into horizontal and vertical components.
  2. Use the vertical motion to find the flight time.
  3. Use that same time for the horizontal displacement.
Specification outcomes (4)
  • 3.1.1(b) Interpret graphical representations of displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration.
  • 3.1.1(d) Use velocity–time graphs to determine acceleration as the gradient and displacement as the area under the graph, including estimation for non-linear graphs.
  • 3.1.3(a) Understand independence of vertical and horizontal motion of a projectile.
  • 3.1.3(b) Analyse two-dimensional motion of a projectile with constant velocity in one direction and constant acceleration in a perpendicular direction.
Open the official OCR AS specification ↗

H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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