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Forces explain changes in motion Motion graphs and constant-acceleration equations Displacement and velocity are vectors One projectile, two motion graphs From a velocity graph to kinetic energy Velocity graphs reveal momentum changes Motion graphs and wave graphs: read the axes Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity Measuring motion without hiding uncertainty Gradients and areas connect motion to data analysis Units keep motion calculations consistent Free fall through motion and energy Resolve a launch velocity before analysing a projectile Maintaining speed requires power A force–time graph measures impulse Current connects microscopic drift with charge transfer Motion3.1 Forces in action3.2 Analysing1.1.3 SI units2.1.2 Measurements and uncertainty2.2.1 Scalar and vector quantities2.3.1 Kinematics3.1.1 Linear motion3.1.2 Projectile motion3.1.3 Kinetic and potential energies3.3.2 Power3.3.3 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Charge4.1.1 Mean drift velocity4.1.2 Wave motion4.4.1
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Physics connection

Mean drift velocity is a motion quantity

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

Charge carriers have a small average motion through a conductor. That mean drift velocity determines how many carriers cross a section each second.

Distance drifted = vΔt I = nAev

Follow the reasoning

  1. Consider a conductor slice of length vΔt.
  2. Multiply its volume by carrier number density and charge per carrier.
  3. Divide the charge crossing the section by Δt to obtain current.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 3.1.1(a) Define and use displacement, instantaneous speed, average speed, velocity and acceleration.
  • 4.1.2(a) Define and understand mean drift velocity of charge carriers.
  • 4.1.2(b) Use and apply I = A n e v, where n is the number density of charge carriers.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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