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Wave frequency and photon energy Path difference becomes phase difference Stationary waves are a superposition pattern Use a stationary pattern to measure wave speed Momentum determines a particle’s wavelength Diffraction connects electrons with other waves Waves4.4 Quantum physics4.5 Newton’s laws of motion3.5.1 Wave motion4.4.1 Superposition4.4.3 Stationary waves4.4.4 Wave–particle duality4.5.3
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Diffraction connects electrons with other waves

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

Diffraction and interference patterns provide evidence of wave behaviour. Electron diffraction extends that evidence to particles with mass.

A wave pattern depends on wavelength and structure spacing

Follow the reasoning

  1. Identify the structure producing diffraction.
  2. Relate a change in electron momentum to a change in wavelength.
  3. Use the change in diffraction spread as evidence for the wavelength change.
Specification outcomes (5)
  • 4.5.3(a) Describe and explain electron diffraction as evidence of wave-like behaviour of particles.
  • 4.5.3(b) Describe diffraction of electrons through thin polycrystalline graphite and relate to atomic spacing.
  • 4.5.3(c) Use the de Broglie equation λ = h / p to relate momentum and wavelength.
  • 4.4.3(a)(i) State the principle of superposition of waves.
  • 4.4.3(f) Describe Young’s double-slit experiment using visible light and explain its significance in demonstrating wave behaviour.
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H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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