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Charge flow and electrical power Kirchhoff’s first law conserves charge Kirchhoff’s second law tracks energy per charge Build a resistor network from Ohm’s law A potential divider uses shared current Changing resistance makes a voltage sensor A circuit diagram is a measurement plan Read circuit connections, not the drawing’s shape Charge and current4.1 Energy, power and resistance4.2 Implementing1.1.2 Charge4.1.1 Circuit symbols4.2.1 E.m.f. and potential difference4.2.2 Resistance4.2.3 Series and parallel circuits4.3.1 Potential dividers4.3.3
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Read circuit connections, not the drawing’s shape

OCR A AS Physics · Two ideas, one explanation

A circuit’s junctions determine its behaviour. Different-looking diagrams can describe exactly the same series and parallel connections.

Same two junctions → same potential difference

Follow the reasoning

  1. Trace continuous wires and label their junctions.
  2. Identify components connected across the same pair of junctions.
  3. Redraw the circuit before applying current and voltage rules.
Specification outcomes (3)
  • 4.2.1(b) Construct and interpret circuit diagrams using correct symbols.
  • 4.3.1(b) Apply Kirchhoff’s first and second laws to analyse electrical circuits.
  • 4.3.1(e) Analyse circuits with components including both series and parallel arrangements.
Open the official OCR AS specification ↗

H156 v2.0 · May 2026

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