Induction, AC and transformer explorer

Connect flux linkage to induced emf, read sinusoidal traces correctly, then test transformer and power-transmission calculations.

Flux and generator

Choose the model

Exam model

Flux density, B 0.45 T

0.05 T1.20 T

Number of turns, N 180

10500 turns

Coil area, A 0.0120 m²

0.001 m²0.030 m²

Rotation frequency, f 12.0 Hz

0.5 Hz50 Hz

Angle of normal to B, θ 35°

0°360°

θ is the angle between B and the coil normalFlux linkage is maximum at 0°, while induced emf is maximum at 90° because flux linkage is then changing fastest.

Flux, Φ4.42 mWb

Flux linkage, NΦ0.796 Wb turns

Instantaneous emf42.0 V

Peak emf73.3 V

Angular speed, ω75.4 rad s⁻¹

Flux-change stateIncreasing emf

Rotating coil and phase relationship

The green marker follows flux linkage; the amber marker follows induced emf.

Generator: NΦ = BAN cos θ and ε = BANω sin θ. The minus sign in Faraday’s law supplies the Lenz-law direction.