Build a field. Place a probe. Follow your question.
Select a component using the inspector. Edit its coordinates or use arrow keys on the canvas to move it; Shift makes smaller changes. Drag objects directly. Ruler endpoints can be dragged separately. Space starts or pauses motion.
Readings are snapshots. CSV includes all readings in SI units, together with the apparatus settings. Changing setup keeps your results.
Move probes A and B to compare potential, field strength and work. Add more probes to map your own configuration.
Field model: charges are fixed uniformly charged spherical shells; outside, E = kQ/r² and V = kQ/r. No induced charge redistribution is modelled. Probe charge does not disturb the sources. Arrows and representative field lines show direction and shape; arrow lengths and line density are illustrative. Use probe readings for quantitative field strength. Potential colours use a changing symmetric scale.
Plates: extended plates are an ideal infinite pair, with zero potential at the midplane. The drawing shows a section; there are no end effects. Finite beam plates use a sharp field boundary with no fringing. Potential is unavailable beyond their ends; a profile crossing such an edge cannot be used for work/energy comparisons. Plate voltage is maintained by an ideal supply; capacitance assumes negligible fringing and a dielectric filling the gap.
Particles: classical point test particles, no mutual interactions or radiation. Surfaces absorb particles. A numerical trajectory stops above 0.1c or if it cannot resolve the field; reduce speed/voltage or increase source size. Keep changes small near sources. Motion playback is slowed, while the clock shows simulated time.
Oil drop: an isolated spherical drop with weight, optional air buoyancy, electric force and Stokes drag. The microscope is a magnified window; plate separation is set independently. No Brownian motion, evaporation or slip correction. Gate readings are model measurements without random instrument error; compare repeated drops and discuss real measurement uncertainty. The drop can leave the microscope while remaining between the plates. Reset motion returns it to the window without changing its charge.
Curriculum: core AQA 3.7.3 and OCR A 6.2.1–4. Millikan’s experiment is AQA Turning Points 3.12.1.4, and an extension for OCR A. These virtual investigations support practical reasoning; they do not certify a required practical or PAG.
Files: saves include apparatus, oil settings and recorded results. Local recovery is automatic when storage is available. Playback and kept trajectory drawings are not restored.